Prihlásenie

This dissertation thesis assesses different design options for a model of the European electricity market to investigate nodal pricing. Concretely, technical aspects such as the choice of power flow model, network representation, intertemporal constraints and economic aspects such as demand elasticity were investigated. In a preliminary analysis, two formulations of the power flow model AC-OPF and DC-OPF were compared against each other in terms of obtaining nodal prices. While AC-OPF leads to a higher accuracy, which can be significant for operational purposes. For a model with a stronger focus on electricity markets and pricing mechanisms, DC-OPF is preferred, especially considering the computational benefits. A study that implements demand elasticity into the making of prices in a European context was conducted. It showed consumers’ price elasticity impact on dispatching and the costs to generate power. The presented case study investigated these effects in the context of switching from a lower to a higher resolution of networks, which emphasizes the role demand elasticity could play in a system with a higher number of zones and ultimately under a nodal pricing regime. The main contribution of this Ph.D. thesis represents the development of a heuristic algorithm to model hydro storages in largescale nodal pricing models. It allows overcoming the lack of data on hydro state of charge time series and issues with intertemporal constraints, when simulating large-scale models in sequences and displays the seasonality of hydro reservoir filling. Thereby, a nodal model of the European electricity market was developed that is capable of assessing nodal against the existing zonal pricing scheme through the incorporation of redispatching in the zonal modeling approach. A study of the costs of redispatching proves the applicability of the model and indicates the potential cost savings for congestion management that nodal pricing can signify. Keywords: nodal pricing, electricity market model, internal European market, optimal power flow, optimization, heuristic